Building wall



June 3, 1926. 1,588,332

F. E. PETERS BUILDING WALL Filed March 17', 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I SnowM01, FmnltERafem June 8 1926.

F. E. PETERS BUILDI NG WALL 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ska ma i Q Filed March 171925 Patented June 8, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- IRAN K E. PETERS, OI INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

BUILDING WALL.

Application filed March 17, 1925. Serial NO. 16,225.

provide a monolithic wall or analogous structure composed of such tileslaid in courses and permanently united, either with or withoutreenforcing material.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a wall with dead airspaces and with live air spaces for circulation of air through the wall,the dead air spaces serving for absorption of moisture which might bedeterimental to the wall or other structure and the live air spacesserving to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the entirestructure, as well as to absorb moisture and carry it out of thestructure.

A. further object of the invention is to provide a wall structure ofsuch a nature that the finishing coat of stucco on the outer face of thewall or the white or sand finish coat on the inner face can be applieddirectly to the tile wall without the necessity of an intermediate orbrown coat by reason of the uniform color and the porous nature of thewall.

Referring to the accompanying drawings which are made a part hereof andon which similar reference characters indicate similar parts, v

1Figure 1 is a perspective of my improved ti e V li igure 2, a sectionon line 22 of Figure 1, I

Figure 3, a section on line 3-3 of Figure 1,

Figure 4, a section on line 4-4 of Figure 1,

Fi re 5, a perspective of a part of a wall or ot er structureillustrating the use of my im roved tile, and I igure 6, a section online 6-6 of Figure 5.

In the drawings reference character 10 indicates my im roved tile whichhas parallel longitudina channels 11 near the outer edges'of the u perface and parallel channe s 12 space inwardl from the firstnamedchannels. The c annels 11 are so positioned as to receive spacedprojections I 13 on the under face of a superposed tile,

of the channel, but preferably fit ratherclosely therein. By thisconstruction it is possible to deposit. mortar in the channels 11 in thelaying of a wall or other structure which mortar will not be visiblefrom either face of the wall and thus constitutes a secret joint'betweenthe successive courses of tiles. Themortar constitutes means for leavingup the courses'of tiles to keep the top of the wall exactly level.

The channels 12 remain open and as shown in Fig. 6 are semi-circular insection, complementary channels being formed in the lower face of asuperposed tile to form a circular passage extending horizontallythroughout the structure thus forming horizontal air passages which mayextend completely about the structure if in the form of a fence orbuilding and which may be open at the ends if the ends are exposed ormay be closed b a finishing coat covering the structure. he channels 12are intersected by vertical channels 14 in the respective tiles whichchannels register wholly or in part with those of the tiles above andbelow so as to form air passages extending from top to bottom of thestructure and this intersection with the horizontal passages insuresuniform temperature throughout the structure. It has been found that onetenth of. a degree of difi'erence in temperature of air at differentplaces will cause it to travel. Assuming that one side of a buildingstructure according to my invention is warmer than the other the heatedair in the air passages would rise and cold air would be drawn from theopposite side of the building whereupon a circulation would beestablished, the heated air passing through the upper part of the wallstoward the colder side of the building and vice versa, drawing L l theair from .the colder side of the building toward the warmer to keep thewalls from expanding.

Dead air pockets are illustrated at 15, these pockets being locatedbetween the projections 13 and opening on the lower face of the tile.The tile is made of semi-wet concrete so as to be porous whencompleted.' These ports, of course, are filled with air and connect thedead and the live air spaces so as to absorb the moisture whichotherwise might A wlde be deterimental to the, structure. semi-circularcentral channer is provided on each face of the tile at 16 and it willbeobvious thatthese channels register in superposed tiles to form ahorizontal channel approximately circular in section The channels 16.are intersected by vertlcal channels 17 which are also circular insection.

and

When a sufiicient suction of a structure has beenlaid the channels 16and 17 are filled with wet concrete mortar which after hardening formspuddle concrete causing the tile of the entire structure to interlockform a monolithic building or other structure. It will be understoodthat the channels 17 register with one another from be substantiallyplumb from top to bottom. As above stated mortar may beused 111 each cannot of the. channels 11 to level the wall as it is being constructed butpreferably such mortar willbe used onl in the last row of a scaffoldheight, this eing generally all that is necessary.

Vertical grooves 22 are formed at the ends of the tile, these groovesforming auxlhary dead air pockets.

In a structure such as illustrated 1n Fig. 5, which ma be part of thewall ofa house an inside white coat or sand finish coat may be applieddirectly to the tile walls as according to my construction they have asurface of uniform color and therefore do not require the ordinary browncoat which is applied before the scratch coat. A coat of stucco 24 maylikewise be afpplied directly to the tiles at the outer side 0 the wall.When the finishing coats are being applied the pares in the tile form "asuction and cause the ishin coats to adhere so closely that they ieseparated from the tile after drying. The outside coat is usually madeof water-proof material, but this is a matter of choice.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art thatvarious changes maybe made in my device without departing from the spirit of the inventionand therefore I do not limit myself to what is shown in the drawings anddescribed in the specification but only as ind idicated in the appendedclaims.

The reason for using a porous concrete tile may be stated thusz-thesemi-wet concrete always makes a porous tile and when stucco or msideplaster 1s applied to such porous t1le the moisture is drawn throughthepores,

' and evaporated by the air in the pores whichforms a suction and causesthe coating to become lmbedded or virtually causes it to becomea part ofthe tile.

messes By reason of the connecting horizontal and vertical channels orpassageways an air circulation is provided throughout the wall andentirely around the building, thus pro viding for the maintenance of asubstantially uniform or even temperature in all parts,

of the wall which keeps the walls from undue expansion and contractiondue to variation in temperature. By this arrangement the air, beingheated to one-tenth of a degree in one location will start the aircirculating, pulling the cold air from other arts of the wall or theopposite sides 'of the building, and even in the basement or belowground the temperature of the wall will be substantially uniform withother parts,

and usefulness of the.

less number of correspondingly arranged projections on its oppositeface, said proections being adapted to enter channels on another similartile and being provided with pockets extending thereinto adapted toprovide dead air cells when the tile is laid with other tiles of likeconformation with the projections disposed in channels to form astructure, substantially as set forth.

2. A tile comprising a body having a channel in one face and acorrespondingly arranged projection on its opposite face, said channeland projection being adapted to cooperate to hold the tile in. positionwhen laid with other tiles of like form, cor-' respondingly arrangedeach face of said tile, said channels through channels, one in a passageconnectmg said tile-and another passage extending into said tile fromsaid projection, substantially as set forth.

3. In a concrete structure, courses of tiles each tile having parallelhorizontal channels in one face and a complementa spaced pro ection onits opposite face entering such channels 1n n contlguous tile, the outerfaces of the adjoining tiles being in contact while the opposed channelsin the adjoining tiles isposed inwardly from the surface of the tileprovide a secret mortar joint between courses of tiles, pocketsextending adjoinin 5 tiles from said projections, said into sai pocketsbeing closed and providing dead air I cells when the projections enterthe channels of other tiles, substantially as set forth. 4. In aconcrete structure, courses of tiles each having parallel spacedhorizontal channels in one face and spaced horizontal pro ectlons onits-opposite face in comple 1,ass,asa

' mentary relation, said channels and projections respectively receivinand extend- 1ng into the projections and c annels of the contiguousfacesof adjoining tiles, the opposed channels in the contiguous Iaces ofadjoining tiles forming a recess or secret mortar joint, central airchannels on opposite faces of the tile parallel to the first namedchannels and registering vertical air passages connecting said centralair channels, substantially as set forth.

5. A tile comprising a body having a groove about the same intermediateits extremities, said groove being adapted to pro vide an annularpassage about the tile when laid with other tiles of similar formtoprovide means for locking the tile in the structure, said tile having achannel on one face at each side of said grooveand a projection hundredan at each side of said groove on the opposite face of'saidtile,recesses formed in said projections and adapted to provide a dead airspace when the tile is laid with other blocks to form the structure,opposed grooves on opposite faces of said tiles and at eachside of saidfirst mentioned groove and passa es connecting said groove, whereby whent e tile is in position in a concrete structure with other tiles of likeform the said grooves will aline and form secret mortar joints and thepassagesaline to form ventilating air channels, substantially as setforth.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set

